General Biology
The following learning targets represent the major concepts studied and assessed in this course.
Semester 1
Unit 1: Scientific Inquiry and Biochemistry
- Use the scientific method to design and evaluate experiments.
- Apply appropriate laboratory safety procedures.
- Explain the structure and function of macromolecules.
- Describe how enzymes affect biochemical reactions.
- Explain the role of ATP in cellular processes.
- Describe how water’s properties support life.
Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function
- Describe the structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- Explain the function of major cellular organelles.
- Describe how materials move into and out of cells through diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
- Explain how cells maintain homeostasis.
Unit 3: Cellular Energy
- Explain how energy flows through living systems.
- Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
- Describe how ATP is produced during cellular respiration.
- Interpret data related to energy transformations in cells.
Semester 2
Unit 4: Cell Division
- Describe the stages and purpose of mitosis.
- Compare mitosis and meiosis.
- Explain how errors in cell division can affect organisms.
Unit 5: Genetics
- Apply Mendelian genetics principles to predict inheritance patterns.
- Explain the structure and function of DNA.
- Describe how DNA is replicated and expressed.
- Explain how mutations affect organisms.
Unit 6: Evolution
- Explain the evidence supporting the theory of evolution.
- Describe the mechanisms of natural selection.
- Analyze how populations change over time.
Unit 7: Ecology
- Describe the levels of ecological organization.
- Explain how energy flows through ecosystems.
- Analyze interactions among organisms and their environment.
- Describe factors that affect population growth.